Afluencer
A two-sided creator marketplace where brands post collabs and influencers apply, free to start
Afluencer is an influencer marketing marketplace that connects brands with creators on Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, Facebook, and X. Brands create a free account, post collaboration offers describing the product, the deliverable, and the compensation, and creators who match the criteria apply or are invited directly. Discovery filters, in-app messaging, product send-outs through a Shopify connection, and creator payments sit in one dashboard. Brands start free and pay from $49 per month for outbound invitation credits; creators use it free or pay for extra application credits.
Overview
Most influencer marketing software is built for the outbound problem: search a database of tens of millions of creator profiles, filter by audience demographics, and send cold outreach at volume. That model assumes you already know what a good creator looks like and have the time to work a list. Afluencer inverts it. The core motion is a collab post, a short brief that says what the product is, who it is for, what you want made, and what the creator gets. Interested creators apply. The brand reviews a queue of people who have already read the brief and opted in.
That inversion is the whole argument for the product at the small end of the market. A Shopify store owner with a $500 monthly budget and no agency does not need a 350 million profile index; they need ten creators who will actually reply, in the right niche, willing to work for product plus a small fee. Afluencer's marketplace of roughly 17,000 registered creator members is small by category standards, and that is deliberate: members complete a profile, connect social accounts, and select from more than 75 interest categories, so the applicant queue is people who chose your brief rather than people an algorithm surfaced.
The platform runs both sides commercially. Brands post collabs for free and can receive inbound applications without paying; the $49 per month Marketplace tier adds 60 outbound invitation credits and premium discovery filters, and the $649 and $1,049 tiers move into thousands of monthly reach-outs, product send-outs, managed payments, and an account manager. Creators join free on the Micro plan and pay $29 or $79 per month for more application credits and a premium profile badge. Charging creators for application volume is unusual in this category and worth understanding before you assume every applicant is unconstrained.
In July 2026 Afluencer was acquired by Influencer Hero, a D2C-focused influencer marketing platform, in a deal whose terms were not disclosed. Afluencer continues to operate under its own brand as the self-serve marketplace and entry point, with Influencer Hero positioned above it for brands that need automated outreach, affiliate tracking, and campaign management at scale. Nothing has been sunset, but the acquisition frames the product honestly: it is the place you start, and the parent company expects you to move up when your program outgrows it.
Best for
Small ecommerce brands, Shopify and BigCommerce merchants, and solo marketers running their first structured creator program: a free way to publish a brief, an applicant queue of creators who opted in, and a $49 tier that adds outbound invitations without a contract or a demo call.
Not the right fit for
- Brands that need a large discovery index; the member marketplace numbers in the tens of thousands, not the tens of millions, so a creator who has never joined Afluencer is invisible to you.
- Anyone who needs fake-follower detection, audience overlap analysis, or historical brand-partnership history on a creator; the profile data is self-connected account metrics, not third-party forensic audit.
- Programs outside mainstream consumer niches; beauty, fashion, fitness, food, and lifestyle are well covered, but B2B, industrial, and specialist technical categories thin out quickly.
- Brands outside the United States looking for local creators at volume; reviewers in Canada, the UK, and Australia consistently report a thinner marketplace than the US-centric membership suggests.
- Teams that need real affiliate attribution, multi-touch reporting, or a creator CRM with lifecycle stages; those live in Influencer Hero, Grin, or an affiliate platform, not here.
- Anyone expecting mid-tier pricing; the jump from $49 to $649 per month is steep and there is nothing in between.
How it works
- 1
A brand creates a free account, connects its store and social profiles, and publishes a collab. The brief specifies the platforms you want (Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, Facebook, X), the follower range, geography, the interest categories that fit, the deliverable, and whether compensation is product only, paid, affiliate commission, or a combination. The collab is then listed in the creator-facing feed and surfaced to members whose stated interests and audience match.
- 2
Creators browse or get matched to collabs and apply, spending an application credit to do so. Applications arrive in the brand's dashboard with the creator's connected account data: follower counts, engagement rate, audience demographics, prior collab history on the platform, and the profile they wrote. The brand accepts, declines, or opens a direct message thread to negotiate scope.
- 3
Outbound works the same way in reverse. On paid tiers the brand searches the member directory with premium filters (niche, engagement, location, follower band, audience demographics) and spends an invitation credit to invite a specific creator to the collab. CreatorGPT, the AI assistant added in 2025, takes a plain-language description of the campaign and returns a shortlist with reasoning for each match, which is the fastest route for someone who does not know how to build a filter set.
- 4
Once a creator is accepted, the relationship runs in-app. The Shopify and BigCommerce connections handle product send-outs and discount or affiliate codes, messaging keeps the brief and the revisions in one thread, and higher tiers process creator payments so the brand is not managing PayPal transfers by hand. Content and performance get reported back through the collab record rather than through a full attribution suite.
Feature breakdown
25 features in 5 modulesCollabs and the inbound queue
The core mechanic: publish a brief, review the people who chose to apply.- Collab posting
- A structured brief covering platforms, follower range, geography, interest categories, deliverable, and compensation type, publishable on a free brand account with no card required.
- Compensation models
- Product gifting, flat fee, affiliate commission, discount code arrangements, or a combination, declared up front so applicants self-select on terms rather than negotiating from zero.
- Application queue
- Applicants arrive with connected-account metrics, audience demographics, their stated interests, and their history of completed collabs on the platform attached to the application.
- Accept, decline, and shortlist
- Applications are triaged in the dashboard, with declined creators removed from the thread and accepted ones moved into an active collab record.
- Interest taxonomy
- More than 75 interest categories that both sides select from, which is what makes matching work without a heavy filtering interface.
Discovery and outbound
Searching the member directory and inviting specific creators, gated behind paid tiers.- Premium influencer filters
- Search the member base by niche, engagement rate, location, follower band, platform, and audience demographics; unlocked on the $49 Marketplace tier and above.
- Invitation credits
- Outbound invites are metered, 60 per month on Marketplace, rising to 1,000 monthly reach-outs on Standard and 5,000 on Pro, so outreach volume is an explicit purchase decision.
- CreatorGPT
- An AI assistant introduced in 2025 that takes a plain-language campaign description and returns a ranked creator shortlist with a stated reason for each match.
- Verified profiles
- Creators connect their actual social accounts rather than typing in follower counts, which cuts the ghost-account problem common to open directories.
- Saved searches and lists
- Creator sets can be saved and revisited so a seasonal campaign does not start from an empty filter every quarter.
Relationship and campaign management
Keeping the brief, the negotiation, and the fulfilment in one thread.- Direct messaging
- In-app threads between brand and creator, tied to the specific collab so the brief and the revisions do not scatter across Instagram DMs and email.
- Product send-outs
- Included from the Standard tier, letting the brand trigger a gifted-product order to an accepted creator without exporting addresses into a spreadsheet.
- Influencer payments
- Creator fees are processed through the platform on Standard and Pro rather than settled by hand through PayPal or bank transfer.
- Discount and promo codes
- Percentage discounts, fixed discounts, and custom codes can be attached to a collab through the Shopify connection for basic sales tracking.
- Multi-seat access
- The Pro tier includes three or more seats plus a dedicated account manager; lower tiers are effectively single-operator.
- Collab records
- Each accepted partnership keeps its brief, message history, deliverable status, and creator profile together as the audit trail for what was agreed.
Creator-side product
The half of the marketplace that supplies the applicants, and its own paywall.- Free Micro plan
- Creators build a profile, connect accounts, apply to collabs, receive invitations, and message brands at no cost, which is why the supply side keeps growing.
- Application credits
- Applying to a collab consumes a credit; the free plan is capped, $29 per month buys 90 monthly credits and $79 buys 150, so heavy applicants are paying customers.
- Premium profile badge
- Paid creator tiers carry a badge on the profile, which raises visibility in the brand-facing directory.
- Unlimited interests
- Free creators are limited in how many interest categories they can list; paid tiers remove the cap, widening the collabs they are matched to.
- Invitations inbox
- Brand invitations arrive separately from self-directed applications and do not consume the creator's application credits.
Integrations and platform
Where Afluencer touches the rest of a small ecommerce stack.- Shopify app
- Listed on the Shopify App Store since January 2021 at $49 per month with a 60 day free trial, covering discovery, applications, messaging, and code creation inside the store admin.
- BigCommerce connection
- The same gifting and code workflow for BigCommerce merchants, which is rarer than Shopify support in this category.
- Mobile apps
- iOS and Android apps aimed mainly at creators, who need to respond to invitations and messages away from a desktop.
- Email and workflow connections
- Connections to tools including Klaviyo and Slack so applications and collab activity can reach the channels a small team already watches.
Use cases
4 documentedShopify skincare brand doing its first creator program
A two-person team has $600 a month, no agency, and a mailbox of cold pitches from creators they cannot evaluate. Manual Instagram outreach returned three replies in a month.
A single gifting collab posted on the free account draws applications from micro creators in the beauty interest categories; the founder accepts twelve, ships product through the Shopify connection, and has a repeatable monthly intake instead of a cold outreach grind.
DTC apparel marketer seeding a seasonal launch
A spring drop needs thirty creators posting inside a two-week window, and the team cannot wait on reply rates from cold email.
The $49 Marketplace tier's 60 invitation credits are spent on directory creators who match the niche and location, run alongside an open collab post; the inbound and outbound queues together fill the roster without a per-creator agency fee.
Micro influencer with 9,000 followers building a partnership pipeline
The creator gets no inbound brand interest and does not have the reach to be surfaced by discovery tools built for brands searching large indexes.
A completed profile and consistent applications on the free Micro plan produce regular gifting collabs; once the volume justifies it, the $29 Macro plan's 90 monthly credits and premium badge make application volume the constraint rather than visibility.
Agency running influencer seeding for several small clients
Each client's budget is too small to justify an enterprise discovery seat, but the agency still needs a reproducible intake process it can show in a report.
One collab per client, posted and triaged in the same dashboard, produces an applicant queue and a message trail that becomes the deliverable; the agency escalates only the clients whose programs grow past the tier's reach-out limits.
Pricing
from Free for brands to post collabs; $49 per month for the Marketplace tier with outbound invitationsTwo-sided subscription billed monthly with no annual option. Brands post collabs and receive applications on a free account; paid brand tiers meter outbound invitations and reach-outs and unlock premium filters, product send-outs, payments, and seats. Creators are free on the entry plan and pay for higher monthly application credit allowances.
| Plan | Price | Includes |
|---|---|---|
| Brand free account | $0 per month |
Enough to test whether the marketplace has creators in your niche before spending anything. |
| Marketplace | $49 per month |
The self-serve tier, and the only paid tier you can buy without booking a demo. |
| Standard | $649 per month |
Sold through a demo call. The gap between $49 and $649 is the sharpest edge in this pricing table. |
| Pro | $1,049 per month |
|
| Creator Micro | $0 per month, creator side |
|
| Creator Macro | $29 per month, creator side |
A Mega plan at $79 per month raises this to 150 application credits with added support channels. |
Billing notes
- All plans are billed monthly; as published August 2026 there is no annual commitment and no annual discount, which cuts both ways since there is also nothing to cancel out of.
- The two upper brand tiers are demo-gated, so the only price a small brand can act on without a sales call is $49.
- Outbound capacity is the meter on every paid brand tier: 60 invitation credits, then 1,000 reach-outs, then 5,000. Inbound applications are not metered.
- The Shopify App Store listing bills at $49 per month with a 60 day free trial, which is a longer runway than the web signup advertises.
- Creators pay for application volume, so a free-plan creator has a limited number of briefs they can pursue each month; this shapes who applies to a low-value collab.
- Product costs, shipping, and any creator fees sit outside the subscription; payments processing on Standard and Pro is a convenience, not a bundled budget.
Value assessment: For a brand spending under $1,000 a month on creator marketing, the free account plus the $49 tier is one of the better value propositions in the category, because the alternative at that budget is unpaid manual DMs. You get an applicant queue, verified profiles, filters, and a Shopify gifting path for less than a single mid-tier creator fee. The value collapses at the next step. Standard at $649 is thirteen times the Marketplace price and buys reach-out volume plus payments, which is where dedicated platforms with real discovery indexes and affiliate attribution start competing hard. Buy Afluencer for the first year of a program; expect to re-evaluate rather than upgrade in place.
Strengths & limitations
Strengths
- The inbound collab model produces creators who read the brief and opted in, which is a categorically different reply rate than cold outreach to a scraped index.
- A genuinely free brand account that posts real collabs, not a trial or a limited preview, so the marketplace can be tested for niche coverage before any spend.
- $49 per month self-serve entry with no contract, no demo requirement, and a 60 day trial through the Shopify listing.
- Creators connect real social accounts rather than self-reporting numbers, which removes most of the ghost-profile problem open directories suffer.
- Shopify and BigCommerce connections make gifting and discount codes a workflow rather than a spreadsheet, and BigCommerce support is uncommon here.
- Strong consistent review sentiment on ease of setup and support responsiveness, with a 4.6 rating across more than 700 G2 reviews and 4.7 on Trustpilot.
- CreatorGPT lowers the skill floor: a plain-language campaign description returns a reasoned shortlist without learning a filter interface.
Limitations
- The creator marketplace is roughly 17,000 registered members, which is small; if the right creator has not joined Afluencer, no amount of filtering will find them.
- No fake-follower or audience-authenticity auditing, no audience overlap analysis, and no history of a creator's partnerships outside the platform, so vetting is largely manual.
- Credit caps bind on every paid tier, including 60 invitations at $49 per month, so outbound at any real volume forces the jump to the demo-gated tiers.
- Geographic coverage skews heavily to the United States; Canadian, UK, and Australian reviewers repeatedly report thin campaign and creator availability.
- Niche depth outside mainstream consumer categories is shallow; beauty, fashion, fitness, and food work, B2B and technical categories often do not.
- No real affiliate attribution or multi-touch reporting; discount codes are the measurement layer, which is adequate for seeding and inadequate for a revenue-accountable program.
- The $49 to $649 gap means there is no gradual scaling path, and the two upper tiers require a sales conversation.
- Most brands report outgrowing the platform within six to twelve months once they need outreach automation, a creator CRM, or affiliate tracking, a trajectory the Influencer Hero acquisition explicitly anticipates.
Head-to-head comparisons
6 alternativesAfluencer vs Modash
from $199 per month billed annually ($2,388 per year); $299 per month on month-to-month billingOpposite ends of the same problem. Modash indexes a very large share of public Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube creators and sells discovery plus audience analytics, including fake-follower and demographic breakdowns Afluencer does not attempt. Afluencer indexes only its own members but gets you applicants instead of cold contacts. A brand that knows how to evaluate creators and wants reach should look at Modash; a brand that wants people to show up and say yes should start on Afluencer, and many run both.
Full Afluencer vs Modash comparisonAfluencer vs Upfluence
from Custom quote only; no published price. Third-party reporting puts realistic entry around $478 per month for a single module, with typical full-platform contracts running several thousand dollars a month.Upfluence is a full influencer marketing suite with a large search index, ecommerce data enrichment that identifies customers who are already creators, affiliate tracking, and campaign workflow, sold at a price point and through a sales process that assumes a real program budget. Afluencer is the pre-budget product. If your influencer spend is under about $2,000 a month, Upfluence's pricing will not clear; once you are running attributable affiliate programs across dozens of creators, Afluencer's discount-code reporting will not hold.
Full Afluencer vs Upfluence comparisonAfluencer vs Collabstr
from Free to search and hire, with a 10 percent platform fee on each order; subscriptions from $249 per month billed annuallyThe closest structural rival: a marketplace of creators with an emphasis on transactional simplicity. Collabstr leans toward a shop-and-buy model where creators list packages at fixed prices and the brand purchases with escrow, which suits one-off UGC purchases. Afluencer leans toward relationship posting, where you publish a brief and select from applicants, which suits gifting programs and ongoing partnerships. Collabstr is faster for buying a single TikTok video; Afluencer is better for building a roster.
Full Afluencer vs Collabstr comparisonAfluencer vs Heepsy
from Free plan; paid plans from 69 euros per month billed annually (89 euros month to month)Heepsy is a search-and-analyze tool with a substantial creator index and audience-quality scoring, priced in a similar self-serve band. Where Heepsy gives you filtering and a credibility score on creators who have no relationship with you, Afluencer gives you a smaller pool of creators who already want brand work. If your bottleneck is finding candidates, Heepsy; if it is getting replies, Afluencer.
Full Afluencer vs Heepsy comparisonAfluencer vs Later
from $18.75 per month billed annually (Starter), or $25 billed monthlyLater sells social scheduling with a much larger influencer arm attached following its acquisition of Mavrck, which serves brands running managed, funded creator programs alongside their publishing calendar. Afluencer does not schedule content and does not manage programs; it sources partners. A small brand already publishing through Later can run its seeding on Afluencer for $49 without touching Later's influencer product, which sits at a very different price and service level.
Full Afluencer vs Later comparisonAfluencer vs Refersion
from Free (Marketplace Listing), then $39/mo plus 3% of affiliate sales (Launch)Complementary rather than competitive. Afluencer sources and negotiates the partnership, but its measurement layer stops at discount codes. Refersion tracks affiliate conversions properly, handles commission tiers, and pays partners on performance. A brand that starts with gifting on Afluencer and then wants to convert its best creators into commissioned affiliates typically adds Refersion rather than upgrading Afluencer's tier.
Full Afluencer vs Refersion comparisonImplementation & onboarding
- Setup time
- Under an hour to a live collab. Create the brand account, connect Shopify or BigCommerce if relevant, write the brief, and publish. Applications typically begin arriving within a day or two in well-covered niches, and considerably slower outside them.
- Learning curve
- Low. The hard skill is not the software, it is writing a brief that attracts the right creators and stating compensation clearly enough that unsuitable applicants self-select out. Triaging applications is the recurring work.
- Onboarding
- Fully self-serve on the free and $49 tiers, with phone, email, and live chat support included on Marketplace and above. The Standard and Pro tiers are sold through a demo and include hands-on setup, with a dedicated account manager on Pro.
- Migration notes
- There is nothing structural to migrate in: creator relationships live in your inbox and your spreadsheet before Afluencer, and export them before leaving because message history and applicant records are not portable. Moving up to Influencer Hero is the path the parent company has built for; moving sideways to a discovery tool means rebuilding your creator list from your own records.
Platform, API & security
- Platforms
- Web appiOS appAndroid appShopify appBigCommerce app
- API
- No documented public API for brands. Integration happens through the ecommerce app connections and workflow tools rather than a developer-facing endpoint, which is a real constraint if you want collab data in a warehouse.
- Compliance
- GDPRCCPA
- Data residency
- United States based operations; no published regional data residency options.
- SSO
- Not published; access on multi-seat plans is managed through standard account invitations.
- Security notes
- Creator accounts are verified through social platform connections rather than self-reported figures. Payments on the upper tiers are processed through the platform, so brand payment details and creator payout details are held by Afluencer rather than exchanged directly.
Support & resources
- Channels
- Live chatEmail supportPhone support on paid tiersDedicated account manager on Pro
- Documentation
- A practical help center plus a large content library on running collabs, brief writing, and creator outreach, much of it aimed at first-time brands rather than experienced program managers.
- Community
- The marketplace itself is the community, and support responsiveness is the single most consistently praised item across the 700-plus G2 reviews and the Trustpilot profile.
Company
- Founded
- 2019
- Headquarters
- Sacramento, California, United States
- Ownership
- Acquired by Influencer Hero (July 2026)
- Employees
- Small team; headcount not disclosed
- Funding
- No disclosed venture funding rounds prior to acquisition.
Timeline
- 2019Founded in Sacramento, California as a free marketplace connecting brands and creators.
- 2021Shopify app published in January, bringing collab posting, discovery, and discount codes into the store admin.
- 2022BigCommerce support and mobile apps broaden the creator side of the marketplace.
- 2024Membership passes 17,000 registered creators with more than 75 interest categories across the major social platforms.
- 2025CreatorGPT launched, an AI assistant that turns a plain-language campaign description into a reasoned creator shortlist.
- 2026Acquired by Influencer Hero in July; Afluencer continues as a standalone self-serve marketplace positioned as the entry point beneath Influencer Hero's scale tooling.
Integrations
- Shopify
- BigCommerce
- TikTok
- YouTube
- X
- Klaviyo
- Slack
- Amazon
- Influencer Hero
Frequently asked questions
12 questionsWhat is Afluencer?
Afluencer is an influencer marketing marketplace where brands post collaboration offers and creators apply to them. Instead of searching a large index and sending cold outreach, a brand writes a brief covering the platform, follower range, niche, deliverable, and compensation, and reviews applications from creators who opted in. It also supports outbound invitations, in-app messaging, product gifting through Shopify, and creator payments on higher tiers.
Is Afluencer free?
For brands, yes to a point: a free account can post collabs and receive inbound applications without a card. Outbound invitations and premium discovery filters require the $49 per month Marketplace tier. For creators, the Micro plan is free and covers a profile, applications, invitations, and messaging, with paid plans at $29 and $79 per month buying more monthly application credits.
How much does Afluencer cost?
Brands: free to post, $49 per month for Marketplace with 60 invitation credits and premium filters, $649 per month for Standard with 1,000 monthly reach-outs plus product send-outs and payments, and $1,049 per month for Pro with 5,000 reach-outs, an account manager, and three or more seats. Creators: free, $29, or $79 per month. All plans are billed monthly with no annual discount as published August 2026.
Who owns Afluencer?
Influencer Hero, which acquired Afluencer in July 2026. Terms were not disclosed. Afluencer continues to operate under its own brand as a standalone self-serve marketplace, with Influencer Hero providing the scale layer above it for creator discovery, automated outreach, affiliate tracking, and campaign management.
How many influencers are on Afluencer?
Roughly 17,000 registered creator members at the time of the 2026 acquisition, serving several thousand brands. That is small compared with discovery tools that index tens of millions of public profiles, and it is the single most important number to weigh: Afluencer can only show you creators who joined it.
Afluencer vs Collabstr: which is better for a small brand?
Collabstr works like a storefront, where creators list fixed-price packages and you buy one with escrow, which is fastest for a single piece of UGC. Afluencer works like a job board, where you post a brief and select from applicants, which suits gifting programs and ongoing relationships. Buy one video on Collabstr; build a roster on Afluencer.
Does Afluencer detect fake followers?
No. Creators connect their real social accounts so follower counts and engagement come from the platform rather than self-reporting, which prevents the crudest fabrication. But there is no audience-authenticity score, no bot-follower analysis, and no audience overlap reporting of the kind Modash, HypeAuditor, or Heepsy provide. Vetting engagement quality is manual work you still have to do.
Does Afluencer work outside the United States?
It works, but the marketplace is US-heavy. Reviewers based in Canada, the UK, and Australia consistently report fewer relevant collabs and thinner local creator supply. Before committing, use the free brand account to search your target geography and check whether the creators you need are actually members.
Does Afluencer handle influencer payments?
On the Standard and Pro tiers, yes, creator fees are processed in-platform. On the free account and the $49 Marketplace tier you negotiate and pay creators yourself outside the tool, typically by PayPal or bank transfer, and track it on your own.
Can Afluencer track affiliate sales?
Only loosely. Discount and promo codes attached through the Shopify connection give you attributable orders per creator, which is enough for seeding programs. There is no commission-tier logic, no link-based tracking, and no automated partner payouts on performance. Brands that need real affiliate accounting pair Afluencer with a dedicated affiliate platform such as Refersion.
Is there a free trial?
Yes. The Marketplace tier offers a free trial, and the Shopify App Store listing advertises a 60 day trial at $49 per month, which is unusually long for the category. The free brand account also lets you post a real collab indefinitely without paying, so a trial is not the only way to evaluate coverage.
When should a brand outgrow Afluencer?
When any of three things becomes true: you need outreach volume beyond the credit caps, you need revenue attribution rather than discount-code proxies, or you need a creator CRM tracking relationships across campaigns. Reviewers commonly hit that point between six and twelve months in, which is precisely the handoff Influencer Hero built the acquisition around.
Editorial verdict
Afluencer solves the problem most influencer marketing software ignores: a small brand's real constraint is not finding creators, it is getting them to reply. The collab post inverts the motion so applicants come to you, and that inversion, plus a free brand account and a $49 self-serve tier with a 60 day Shopify trial, makes it one of the easiest first purchases in the category. Buy it with clear eyes about the ceiling. The marketplace is roughly 17,000 creators, not millions; there is no audience-authenticity auditing; coverage outside US mainstream consumer niches is thin; measurement stops at discount codes; and the pricing jumps from $49 to $649 with nothing in between. The July 2026 Influencer Hero acquisition did not change the product, but it did state the strategy out loud: Afluencer is the entry point, and the parent company expects you to graduate. For a brand's first year of creator work, that is an honest and useful place to start.
Written by the SaaSTracker editorial team. Awards, when shown, are judged against the published criteria in our methodology.